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    November 03

    刀郎木卡姆

    刀朗木卡姆主要分布在塔里木盆地西北部以叶尔羌河至塔里木河流域为中心的刀郎地区,尤以麦盖提县为盛。刀朗木卡姆据说原有12套,现在能收集到9套,其中包括“巴希巴雅宛木卡姆”、“孜尔巴雅宛木卡姆”、“区尔巴雅宛木卡姆”等。每套刀朗木卡姆都由“木凯迪满”、“且克脱曼”、“赛乃姆”、“赛勒凯斯”、“色利尔玛”五部分组成,为前缀有散板序唱的不同节拍、节奏的歌舞套曲。每部刀郎木卡姆的长度约为6到9分钟,9套总长度约一个半小时。刀朗木卡姆的唱词全都是在刀郎地区广为流传的维吾尔民谣,充分表达了刀郎维吾尔人的喜、怒、哀、乐,同时反映出维吾尔族社会生活的各个方面,内容丰富多彩,曲调高亢粗犷,感情纯朴真挚。新疆维吾尔木卡姆艺术是一种集歌、舞、乐于一体的大型综合艺术形式,主要分布在南疆、北疆、东疆各维吾尔族聚居区,在乌鲁木齐等大、中、小城镇也广为流传。
      维吾尔木卡姆艺术肇始于民间文化,发展于各绿洲城邦国宫廷及都府官邸,经过整合发展,形成了多样性、综合性、完整性、即兴性、大众性的艺术风格,并成为维吾尔族的杰出表现形式。
      “刀郎木卡姆”的主要伴奏乐器为:拉弦乐器刀郎艾捷克、拨弦乐器卡龙、刀郎热瓦甫,以多面达普击节相伴,上述拉弦、拨弦乐器在伴奏中,经常不作跟腔,而奏出各种各样的枝生复调或节奏型,从而与声乐形成复杂的多声部效果。
     

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